基于 EasyX 的 SSE、BVH 优化的光线追踪系统，支持多线程渲染
程序说明
SSE 指令集全称 Streaming SIMD Extension，是 x86/x64 上对 SIMD 指令集的一个扩展，使用 SSE 可以在浮点数运算上取得更高的性能。
BVH 即为层次包围盒（Bounding Volume Hierarchies），是利用体型略大但是几何特征简单的包围盒来近似描述复杂的几何对象，在光线追踪的时候，可以先判断包围盒是否和光线相交，再进行更细致的判断，在复杂场景下有利于提高程序性能。
一些可能问题的 FAQ
Q：我打开了程序，但是为什么程序一直是黑的？
A：可能是因为你的电脑性能过差且没有开启多线程渲染模式，实际上电脑一直在渲染，只不过过于缓慢还在渲染黑色天空的部分。
Q：我也用相同的测试配置跑了程序，为什么程序却没有测试中的那么快？
A：可能是因为你使用了 debug 模式编译出来的代码，实际测试 debug 模式和 release 模式下渲染的速度相差很大。
Q：我打开了程序，为什么鼠标无法移动/鼠标移动缓慢？
A：多线程渲染的时候可能会造成电脑卡顿，如果你在进行多线程渲染的情况下电脑鼠标暂时移动缓慢或者无法移动属于正常现象，该现象会持续到图像渲染完毕为止。
代码运行环境
- Visual Studio 2022，EasyX_20220901
- Windows 10 及以上版本操作系统
代码运行截图
渲染效率测试
测试环境：11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz，16 GB 内存，多线程渲染开启、采样率设置为 200。
测试结果：
| / | Room 1 | Room 2 | Room 3 |
| 关闭 BVH 渲染用时（秒） | 107.478 | 38.619 | 177.781 |
| 开启 BVH 渲染用时（秒） | 25.625 | 50.055 | 45.885 |
根据数据可以得到，大部分场景下 BVH 带来的性能优化是十分可观的，小部分场景 BVH 不太适用，所以应该根据实际情况来选择 BVH 的开启与否。
完整源代码
/*
* 程序名称 ：光线追踪（Ray Tracing）
* 作 者 ：Margoo
* 邮 箱 ：1683691371@qq.com
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include <conio.h>
#include <functional>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <intrin.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <xmmintrin.h>
/*
* FloatX 类是对于 SSE 操作的一个封装，用来替换 float 的使用
*/
class FloatX
{
public:
__m128 SSEData;
public:
FloatX()
{
SSEData = _mm_set_ps1(0);
}
FloatX(const float& Data)
{
SSEData = _mm_set_ps1(Data);
}
FloatX(const __m128& Data)
{
SSEData = Data;
}
FloatX(const FloatX& Object)
{
SSEData = Object.SSEData;
}
FloatX operator-() const
{
float NegaDouble = 0;
auto NegaNum = _mm_set_ps1(NegaDouble);
__m128 Result = _mm_sub_ps(NegaNum, SSEData);
return FloatX(Result);
}
FloatX& operator+=(const FloatX& Value)
{
SSEData = _mm_add_ps(SSEData, Value.SSEData);
return *this;
}
FloatX& operator*=(const FloatX& Value)
{
SSEData = _mm_mul_ps(SSEData, Value.SSEData);
return *this;
}
FloatX& operator/=(const FloatX& Value)
{
SSEData = _mm_div_ps(SSEData, Value.SSEData);
return *this;
}
void GetFloat(float* FloatData)
{
*FloatData = SSEData.m128_f32[0];
}
operator double()
{
return SSEData.m128_f32[0];
}
operator float() const
{
return SSEData.m128_f32[0];
}
static FloatX Cos(FloatX X)
{
return _mm_cos_ps(X.SSEData);
}
static FloatX Sin(FloatX X)
{
return _mm_sin_ps(X.SSEData);
}
static FloatX Tan(FloatX X)
{
return _mm_tan_ps(X.SSEData);
}
static FloatX Sqrt(const FloatX& M128Object)
{
auto Result = _mm_sqrt_ps(M128Object.SSEData);
return FloatX(Result);
}
static FloatX Pow(const FloatX& Value, const FloatX& Power)
{
auto Result = _mm_pow_ps(Value.SSEData, Power.SSEData);
return FloatX(Result);
}
static FloatX Min(const FloatX& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return _mm_min_ps(Left.SSEData, Right.SSEData);
}
static FloatX Max(const FloatX& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return _mm_max_ps(Left.SSEData, Right.SSEData);
}
inline friend FloatX operator+(const FloatX& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return _mm_add_ps(Left.SSEData, Right.SSEData);
}
inline friend FloatX operator-(const FloatX& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return _mm_sub_ps(Left.SSEData, Right.SSEData);
}
inline friend FloatX operator*(const FloatX& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return _mm_mul_ps(Left.SSEData, Right.SSEData);
}
inline friend FloatX operator/(const FloatX& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return _mm_div_ps(Left.SSEData, Right.SSEData);
}
inline friend FloatX operator+(const FloatX& Left, const float& Right)
{
auto RightValue = _mm_set_ps1(Right);
return _mm_add_ps(Left.SSEData, RightValue);
}
inline friend FloatX operator-(const FloatX& Left, const float& Right)
{
auto RightValue = _mm_set_ps1(Right);
return _mm_sub_ps(Left.SSEData, RightValue);
}
inline friend bool operator>(FloatX& Left, FloatX& Right)
{
return (float)Left > (float)Right;
}
inline friend bool operator<(FloatX& Left, FloatX& Right)
{
return (float)Left < (float)Right;
}
inline friend bool operator>=(FloatX& Left, FloatX& Right)
{
return (float)Left >= (float)Right;
}
inline friend bool operator<=(FloatX& Left, FloatX& Right)
{
return (float)Left <= (float)Right;
}
inline friend bool operator==(FloatX& Left, FloatX& Right)
{
return (float)Left == (float)Right;
}
inline friend FloatX operator/(const FloatX& Left, const float& Right)
{
auto RightValue = _mm_set_ps1(Right);
return _mm_div_ps(Left.SSEData, RightValue);
}
inline friend FloatX operator+(const float& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return Right + Left;
}
inline friend FloatX operator-(const float& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
auto LeftValue = _mm_set_ps1(Left);
return _mm_sub_ps(LeftValue, Right.SSEData);
}
inline friend FloatX operator/(const float& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
auto LeftValue = _mm_set_ps1(Left);
return _mm_div_ps(LeftValue, Right.SSEData);
}
};
/*
* 定义 FloatX 的字面量，方便使用
*/
FloatX operator"" fx(long double Value)
{
return FloatX(static_cast<float>(Value));
}
/*
* 常用常量定义
*/
const FloatX Inf = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
const FloatX PI = 3.1415926535897932385fx;
/*
* 角度转为弧度
*/
FloatX DegreesToRadians(FloatX Degrees)
{
return Degrees * PI / 180.fx;
}
float Random()
{
return rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.f);
}
FloatX Random(FloatX Max, FloatX Min)
{
return Min + (Max - Min) * FloatX(Random());
}
FloatX Range(FloatX X, FloatX Min, FloatX Max)
{
if (X < Min)
{
return Min;
}
if (X > Max)
{
return Max;
}
return X;
}
/*
* 三维向量类 Vector3（同时该类也充当了三维点和颜色）
*/
typedef class Vector3
{
public:
Vector3() : Element{ 0.f, 0.f, 0.f }
{
}
Vector3(FloatX X, FloatX Y, FloatX Z) : Element{ X, Y, Z }
{
}
FloatX GetX() const
{
return Element[0];
}
FloatX GetY() const
{
return Element[1];
}
FloatX GetZ() const
{
return Element[2];
}
Vector3 operator-() const
{
return Vector3(-Element[0], -Element[1], -Element[2]);
}
FloatX operator[](const unsigned int& Position) const
{
if (Position >= 3)
{
abort();
return Element[0];
}
else
{
return Element[Position];
}
}
FloatX& operator[](const unsigned int& Position)
{
if (Position >= 3)
{
abort();
return Element[0];
}
else
{
return Element[Position];
}
}
Vector3& operator+=(const Vector3& Value)
{
Element[0] += Value.Element[0];
Element[1] += Value.Element[1];
Element[2] += Value.Element[2];
return *this;
}
Vector3& operator*=(const FloatX& Value)
{
Element[0] *= Value;
Element[1] *= Value;
Element[2] *= Value;
return *this;
}
Vector3& operator/=(const FloatX& Value)
{
return *this *= 1.fx / Value;
}
FloatX LengthSquared() const
{
return Element[0] * Element[0] + Element[1] * Element[1] + Element[2] * Element[2];
}
FloatX Length() const
{
return FloatX::Sqrt(LengthSquared());
}
inline friend Vector3 operator+(const Vector3& Left, const Vector3& Right)
{
return Vector3(Left.GetX() + Right.GetX(), Left.GetY() + Right.GetY(), Left.GetZ() + Right.GetZ());
}
inline friend Vector3 operator-(const Vector3& Left, const Vector3& Right)
{
return Vector3(Left.GetX() - Right.GetX(), Left.GetY() - Right.GetY(), Left.GetZ() - Right.GetZ());
}
inline friend Vector3 operator*(const Vector3& Left, const Vector3& Right)
{
return Vector3(Left.GetX() * Right.GetX(), Left.GetY() * Right.GetY(), Left.GetZ() * Right.GetZ());
}
inline friend Vector3 operator*(const Vector3& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return Vector3(Left.GetX() * Right, Left.GetY() * Right, Left.GetZ() * Right);
}
inline friend Vector3 operator*(const FloatX& Right, const Vector3& Left)
{
return Vector3(Left.GetX() * Right, Left.GetY() * Right, Left.GetZ() * Right);
}
inline friend Vector3 operator/(const Vector3& Left, const FloatX& Right)
{
return Vector3(Left.GetX() / Right, Left.GetY() / Right, Left.GetZ() / Right);
}
static Vector3 UnitVector(Vector3 Vector)
{
return Vector / Vector.Length();
}
static Vector3 RandomUnitVector()
{
return UnitVector(RandomInUnitSphere());
}
static Vector3 RandomInUnitSphere()
{
auto A = Random(0.fx, 2.fx * PI);
auto Z = Random(-1.fx, 1.fx);
auto R = FloatX::Sqrt(1.fx - Z * Z);
return Vector3(R * FloatX::Cos(A), R * FloatX::Sin(A), Z);
}
private:
FloatX Element[3];
} Point3, Color;
/*
* 向量运算函数
*/
inline FloatX Vector3Dot(const Vector3& Left, const Vector3& Right)
{
return Left[0] * Right[0] + Left[1] * Right[1] + Left[2] * Right[2];
}
inline Vector3 Vector3Cross(const Vector3& Left, const Vector3& Right)
{
return Vector3(Left[1] * Right[2] - Left[2] * Right[1], Left[2] * Right[0] - Left[0] * Right[2],
Left[0] * Right[1] - Left[1] * Right[0]);
}
inline Vector3 UnitVector(Vector3 Vector)
{
return Vector3::UnitVector(Vector);
}
/*
* 判断法向量是否在同一个半球。
*/
Vector3 RandomInHemisphere(const Vector3& NormalSurface)
{
Vector3 InUnitSphere = Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere();
if (Vector3Dot(InUnitSphere, NormalSurface) > 0.fx)
{
return InUnitSphere;
}
else
{
return -InUnitSphere;
}
}
/*
* 光线类
*/
class Ray
{
public:
Ray()
{
}
Ray(const Point3& OriginPoint, const Vector3& LightDirection) : LightOrigin(OriginPoint), Direction(LightDirection)
{
}
Point3 OriginPoint() const
{
return LightOrigin;
}
Vector3 LightDirection() const
{
return Direction;
}
Point3 LightAt(const FloatX& T) const
{
return LightOrigin + T * Direction;
}
static Vector3 RandomRay()
{
return Vector3(Random(), Random(), Random());
}
static Vector3 RandomRay(FloatX Min, FloatX Max)
{
return Vector3(Random(Min, Max), Random(Min, Max), Random(Min, Max));
}
public:
// 光线出发点
Point3 LightOrigin;
// 光线方向
Vector3 Direction;
};
/*
* BVH 优化
*/
class BVHBox
{
public:
BVHBox()
{
}
BVHBox(const Vector3& Min, const Vector3& Max)
{
BoxMin = Min;
BoxMax = Max;
}
bool Hit(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX TMin, FloatX TMax) const
{
for (auto Count = 0; Count < 3; ++Count)
{
auto InvD = 1.fx / RayInstance.Direction[Count];
auto T0 = (BoxMin[Count] - RayInstance.LightOrigin[Count]) * InvD;
auto T1 = (BoxMax[Count] - RayInstance.LightOrigin[Count]) * InvD;
if (InvD < 0.fx)
{
auto Temp = T0;
T0 = T1;
T1 = Temp;
}
TMin = T0 > TMin ? T0 : TMin;
TMax = T1 < TMax ? T1 : TMax;
if (TMax <= TMin)
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public:
Vector3 BoxMin;
Vector3 BoxMax;
};
/*
* 一个三维对象的材质基类
*/
class ObjectMaterial;
/*
* 定义了光线求交所需数据
*/
struct HitData
{
Vector3 NormalSurface;
Vector3 RayData;
FloatX T;
FloatX U;
FloatX V;
bool FrontFace;
ObjectMaterial* Material;
void SetSurfaceNormal(const Ray& RayInstance, const Vector3& OutsideNormal)
{
FrontFace = Vector3Dot(RayInstance.Direction, OutsideNormal) < 0;
NormalSurface = FrontFace ? OutsideNormal : -OutsideNormal;
}
};
/*
* 材质基类
*/
class ObjectMaterial
{
public:
/*
* 用于实现光源的 Emitted，如果该物质本身不发光，返回纯黑
*/
virtual Vector3 Emitted(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& RayData)
{
return Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx);
}
/*
* 材质的光散射
*/
virtual bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel,
Ray& ScatterRay) const = 0;
public:
/*
* 光反射计算
*/
Vector3 Reflect(const Vector3& RayIn, const Vector3& NormalRay) const
{
return RayIn - 2.fx * Vector3Dot(RayIn, NormalRay) * NormalRay;
}
};
/*
* 材质的基类
*/
class Texture
{
public:
virtual Vector3 GetValue(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& Point) const = 0;
};
/*
* 固定颜色的材质
*/
class ConstantTexture : public Texture
{
public:
ConstantTexture()
{
}
ConstantTexture(Vector3 TextureColor) : Color(TextureColor)
{
}
Vector3 GetValue(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& Point) const override
{
return Color;
}
public:
Vector3 Color;
};
/*
* 棋盘材质
*/
class CheckerTexture : public Texture
{
public:
CheckerTexture()
{
}
CheckerTexture(Texture* Even, Texture* Odd) : EvenTexture(Even), OddTexture(Odd)
{
}
Vector3 GetValue(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& Point) const override
{
auto Sines =
FloatX::Sin(10.fx * Point.GetX()) * FloatX::Sin(10.fx * Point.GetY()) * FloatX::Sin(10.fx * Point.GetZ());
if (Sines < 0.fx)
{
return OddTexture->GetValue(U, V, Point);
}
else
{
return EvenTexture->GetValue(U, V, Point);
}
}
public:
Texture* EvenTexture;
Texture* OddTexture;
};
/*
* 漫反射材质
*/
class LambertianMaterial : public ObjectMaterial
{
public:
LambertianMaterial(Texture* MaterialTexture) : Texture(MaterialTexture)
{
}
bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel, Ray& ScatterRay) const override
{
Vector3 ScatterDirection = Data.NormalSurface + Vector3::RandomUnitVector();
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ScatterDirection);
AttenuationLevel = Texture->GetValue(Data.U, Data.V, Data.RayData);
return true;
}
public:
Texture* Texture;
};
/*
* 金属材质
*/
class MetalMaterial : public ObjectMaterial
{
public:
MetalMaterial(const Vector3& Albedo, FloatX Fuzz) : MaterialAlbedo(Albedo), MetalFuzz(Fuzz < 1.fx ? Fuzz : 1.fx)
{
}
bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel, Ray& ScatterRay) const override
{
Vector3 ScatterDirection = Reflect(UnitVector(RayIn.Direction), Data.NormalSurface);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ScatterDirection + MetalFuzz * Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere());
AttenuationLevel = MaterialAlbedo;
return Vector3Dot(ScatterRay.Direction, Data.NormalSurface) > 0;
}
public:
FloatX MetalFuzz;
Vector3 MaterialAlbedo;
};
/*
* 绝缘体（一般是玻璃）材质
*/
class DielectricMaterial : public ObjectMaterial
{
public:
DielectricMaterial(FloatX RefractiveIndex) : MaterialRefractiveIndex(RefractiveIndex)
{
}
bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel, Ray& ScatterRay) const override
{
AttenuationLevel = Vector3(1.fx, 1.fx, 1.fx);
FloatX EtaiOverEtat = (Data.FrontFace) ? (1.fx / MaterialRefractiveIndex) : (MaterialRefractiveIndex);
Vector3 UnitDirection = UnitVector(RayIn.Direction);
FloatX CosTheta = FloatX::Min(Vector3Dot(-UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface), 1.fx);
FloatX SinTheta = FloatX::Sqrt(1.fx - CosTheta * CosTheta);
if (EtaiOverEtat * SinTheta > 1.fx)
{
Vector3 ReflectedRay = Reflect(UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ReflectedRay);
return true;
}
FloatX ReflectProb = Schlick(CosTheta, EtaiOverEtat);
if (Random() < ReflectProb)
{
Vector3 ReflectedRay = Reflect(UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ReflectedRay);
return true;
}
Vector3 ReflectedRay = Refract(UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface, EtaiOverEtat);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ReflectedRay);
return true;
}
public:
Vector3 Refract(const Vector3& UV, const Vector3& RayIn, FloatX EtaiOverEtat) const
{
auto CosTheta = Vector3Dot(-UV, RayIn);
Vector3 OutParallel = EtaiOverEtat * (UV + CosTheta * RayIn);
Vector3 OutPerp = -FloatX::Sqrt(1.fx - OutParallel.LengthSquared()) * RayIn;
return OutParallel + OutPerp;
}
/*
* Christophe Schlick 提出的折射率计算方法
*/
FloatX Schlick(FloatX Cos, FloatX RefractiveIndex) const
{
auto R0 = (1.fx - RefractiveIndex) / (1.fx + RefractiveIndex);
R0 *= R0;
return R0 + (1.fx - R0) * FloatX::Pow((1.fx - Cos), 5);
}
private:
FloatX MaterialRefractiveIndex;
};
/*
* 光源材质
*/
class DiffuseLight : public ObjectMaterial
{
public:
DiffuseLight(Vector3 Color) : LightColor(Color)
{
}
bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel, Ray& ScatterRay) const override
{
return false;
}
/*
* 光源则返回光源的颜色
*/
Vector3 Emitted(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& RayData) override
{
return LightColor;
}
public:
Vector3 LightColor;
};
class DielectricLight : public ObjectMaterial
{
public:
DielectricLight(Vector3 MaterialLightColor, FloatX RefractiveIndex)
: LightColor(MaterialLightColor), MaterialRefractiveIndex(RefractiveIndex)
{
}
bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel, Ray& ScatterRay) const override
{
AttenuationLevel = Vector3(1.fx, 1.fx, 1.fx);
FloatX EtaiOverEtat = (Data.FrontFace) ? (1.fx / MaterialRefractiveIndex) : (MaterialRefractiveIndex);
Vector3 UnitDirection = UnitVector(RayIn.Direction);
FloatX CosTheta = FloatX::Min(Vector3Dot(-UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface), 1.fx);
FloatX SinTheta = FloatX::Sqrt(1.fx - CosTheta * CosTheta);
if (EtaiOverEtat * SinTheta > 1.fx)
{
Vector3 ReflectedRay = Reflect(UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ReflectedRay);
return true;
}
FloatX ReflectProb = Schlick(CosTheta, EtaiOverEtat);
if (Random() < ReflectProb)
{
Vector3 ReflectedRay = Reflect(UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ReflectedRay);
return true;
}
Vector3 ReflectedRay = Refract(UnitDirection, Data.NormalSurface, EtaiOverEtat);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ReflectedRay);
return true;
}
Vector3 Emitted(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& RayData) override
{
return LightColor;
}
public:
Vector3 Refract(const Vector3& UV, const Vector3& RayIn, FloatX EtaiOverEtat) const
{
auto CosTheta = Vector3Dot(-UV, RayIn);
Vector3 OutParallel = EtaiOverEtat * (UV + CosTheta * RayIn);
Vector3 OutPerp = -FloatX::Sqrt(1.fx - OutParallel.LengthSquared()) * RayIn;
return OutParallel + OutPerp;
}
/*
* Christophe Schlick 提出的折射率计算方法
*/
FloatX Schlick(FloatX Cos, FloatX RefractiveIndex) const
{
auto R0 = (1.fx - RefractiveIndex) / (1.fx + RefractiveIndex);
R0 *= R0;
return R0 + (1.fx - R0) * FloatX::Pow((1.fx - Cos), 5);
}
private:
FloatX MaterialRefractiveIndex;
Vector3 LightColor;
};
class MetalLight : public ObjectMaterial
{
public:
MetalLight(const Vector3& MaterialLightColor, const Vector3& Albedo, FloatX Fuzz)
: LightColor(MaterialLightColor), MaterialAlbedo(Albedo), MetalFuzz(Fuzz < 1.fx ? Fuzz : 1.fx)
{
}
bool LightScatter(const Ray& RayIn, const HitData& Data, Vector3& AttenuationLevel, Ray& ScatterRay) const override
{
Vector3 ScatterDirection = Reflect(UnitVector(RayIn.Direction), Data.NormalSurface);
ScatterRay = Ray(Data.RayData, ScatterDirection + MetalFuzz * Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere());
AttenuationLevel = MaterialAlbedo;
return Vector3Dot(ScatterRay.Direction, Data.NormalSurface) > 0;
}
Vector3 Emitted(FloatX U, FloatX V, const Vector3& RayData) override
{
return LightColor;
}
public:
FloatX MetalFuzz;
Vector3 LightColor;
Vector3 MaterialAlbedo;
};
class HitTestBase
{
public:
virtual bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX MinT, FloatX MaxT, HitData& Data) const = 0;
// 用于 BVH 优化的盒型模型
virtual bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const = 0;
BVHBox GetBox(const BVHBox& FirstBox, const BVHBox& SecondBox) const
{
Vector3 Min(FloatX::Min(FirstBox.BoxMin.GetX(), SecondBox.BoxMin.GetX()),
FloatX::Min(FirstBox.BoxMin.GetY(), SecondBox.BoxMin.GetY()),
FloatX::Min(FirstBox.BoxMin.GetZ(), SecondBox.BoxMin.GetZ()));
Vector3 Max(FloatX::Max(FirstBox.BoxMax.GetX(), SecondBox.BoxMax.GetX()),
FloatX::Max(FirstBox.BoxMax.GetY(), SecondBox.BoxMax.GetY()),
FloatX::Max(FirstBox.BoxMax.GetZ(), SecondBox.BoxMax.GetZ()));
return BVHBox(Min, Max);
}
};
class XYRect : public HitTestBase
{
public:
XYRect() : Material(nullptr)
{
}
XYRect(FloatX IX0, FloatX IX1, FloatX IY0, FloatX IY1, FloatX IK, ObjectMaterial* IMaterial)
: X0(IX0), X1(IX1), Y0(IY0), Y1(IY1), K(IK), Material(IMaterial)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX T0, FloatX T1, HitData& Data) const override
{
auto T = (K - RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetZ()) / RayInstance.Direction.GetZ();
if (T < T0 || T > T1)
{
return false;
}
auto X = RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetX() + T * RayInstance.Direction.GetX();
auto Y = RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetY() + T * RayInstance.Direction.GetY();
float OX0;
float OX1;
float OY0;
float OY1;
OX0 = (const float)X0;
OX1 = (const float)X1;
OY0 = (const float)Y0;
OY1 = (const float)Y1;
if (X < OX0 || X > OX1 || Y < OY0 || Y > OY1)
{
return false;
}
Data.U = (X - OX0) / (OX1 - OX0);
Data.V = (Y - OY0) / (OY1 - OY0);
Data.T = T;
Vector3 OutwardNormal = Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 1.fx);
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(RayInstance, OutwardNormal);
Data.Material = Material;
Data.RayData = RayInstance.LightAt(T);
return true;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const override
{
Box = BVHBox(Vector3(X0, Y0, K - 0.0001fx), Vector3(X1, Y1, K + 0.001fx));
return true;
}
public:
FloatX X0;
FloatX X1;
FloatX Y0;
FloatX Y1;
FloatX K;
ObjectMaterial* Material;
};
class XZRect : public HitTestBase
{
public:
XZRect() : Material(nullptr)
{
}
XZRect(FloatX IX0, FloatX IX1, FloatX IZ0, FloatX IZ1, FloatX IK, ObjectMaterial* IMaterial)
: X0(IX0), X1(IX1), Z0(IZ0), Z1(IZ1), K(IK), Material(IMaterial)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX T0, FloatX T1, HitData& Data) const override
{
auto T = (K - RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetY()) / RayInstance.Direction.GetY();
if (T < T0 || T > T1)
{
return false;
}
auto X = RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetX() + T * RayInstance.Direction.GetX();
auto Z = RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetZ() + T * RayInstance.Direction.GetZ();
float OX0;
float OX1;
float OZ0;
float OZ1;
OX0 = (const float)X0;
OX1 = (const float)X1;
OZ0 = (const float)Z0;
OZ1 = (const float)Z1;
if (X < OX0 || X > OX1 || Z < OZ0 || Z > OZ1)
{
return false;
}
Data.U = (X - OX0) / (OX1 - OX0);
Data.V = (Z - OZ0) / (OZ1 - OZ0);
Data.T = T;
Vector3 OutwardNormal = Vector3(0.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx);
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(RayInstance, OutwardNormal);
Data.Material = Material;
Data.RayData = RayInstance.LightAt(T);
return true;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const override
{
Box = BVHBox(Vector3(X0, K - 0.0001fx, Z0), Vector3(X1, K + 0.001fx, Z1));
return true;
}
public:
FloatX X0;
FloatX X1;
FloatX Z0;
FloatX Z1;
FloatX K;
ObjectMaterial* Material;
};
class YZRect : public HitTestBase
{
public:
YZRect() : Material(nullptr)
{
}
YZRect(FloatX IY0, FloatX IY1, FloatX IZ0, FloatX IZ1, FloatX IK, ObjectMaterial* IMaterial)
: Y0(IY0), Y1(IY1), Z0(IZ0), Z1(IZ1), K(IK), Material(IMaterial)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX T0, FloatX T1, HitData& Data) const override
{
auto T = (K - RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetX()) / RayInstance.Direction.GetX();
if (T < T0 || T > T1)
{
return false;
}
auto Y = RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetY() + T * RayInstance.Direction.GetY();
auto Z = RayInstance.LightOrigin.GetZ() + T * RayInstance.Direction.GetZ();
float OY0;
float OY1;
float OZ0;
float OZ1;
OY0 = (const float)Y0;
OY1 = (const float)Y1;
OZ0 = (const float)Z0;
OZ1 = (const float)Z1;
if (Y < OY0 || Y > OY1 || Z < OZ0 || Z > OZ1)
{
return false;
}
Data.U = (Y - OY0) / (OY1 - OY0);
Data.V = (Z - OZ0) / (OZ1 - OZ0);
Data.T = T;
Vector3 OutwardNormal = Vector3(1.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx);
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(RayInstance, OutwardNormal);
Data.Material = Material;
Data.RayData = RayInstance.LightAt(T);
return true;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& BoY) const override
{
BoY = BVHBox(Vector3(K - 0.0001fx, Y0, Z0), Vector3(K + 0.0001fx, Y1, Z1));
return true;
}
public:
FloatX Y0;
FloatX Y1;
FloatX Z0;
FloatX Z1;
FloatX K;
ObjectMaterial* Material;
};
class SphereObject : public HitTestBase
{
public:
SphereObject() : CenterPoint(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx), Radius(0.fx)
{
}
SphereObject(Vector3 Center, FloatX SphereRadius, ObjectMaterial* ObjectrMaterial)
: CenterPoint(Center), Radius(SphereRadius), Material(ObjectrMaterial)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX MinT, FloatX MaxT, HitData& Data) const override
{
Vector3 RealtivlyPoint = RayInstance.LightOrigin - CenterPoint;
auto A = RayInstance.Direction.LengthSquared();
auto HalfB = Vector3Dot(RealtivlyPoint, RayInstance.Direction);
auto C = RealtivlyPoint.LengthSquared() - Radius * Radius;
auto Statment = HalfB * HalfB - A * C;
if (Statment > 0)
{
auto Root = FloatX::Sqrt(Statment);
auto TempValue = (-HalfB - Root) / A;
if (TempValue < MaxT && TempValue > MinT)
{
Data.T = TempValue;
Data.RayData = RayInstance.LightAt(Data.T);
Vector3 OutwardSurface = (Data.RayData - CenterPoint) / Radius;
Data.Material = Material;
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(RayInstance, OutwardSurface);
return true;
}
else
{
TempValue = (-HalfB + Root) / A;
if (TempValue < MaxT && TempValue > MinT)
{
Data.T = TempValue;
Data.RayData = RayInstance.LightAt(Data.T);
Vector3 OutwardSurface = (Data.RayData - CenterPoint) / Radius;
Data.Material = Material;
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(RayInstance, OutwardSurface);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const override
{
Box = BVHBox(CenterPoint - Vector3(Radius, Radius, Radius), CenterPoint + Vector3(Radius, Radius, Radius));
return true;
}
public:
Vector3 CenterPoint;
FloatX Radius;
ObjectMaterial* Material;
};
class FlipFace : public HitTestBase
{
public:
FlipFace(HitTestBase* Object) : ObjectRef(Object)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& Instance, FloatX TMin, FloatX TMax, HitData& Data) const override
{
if (!ObjectRef->HitTest(Instance, TMin, TMax, Data))
{
return false;
}
Data.FrontFace = !Data.FrontFace;
return true;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const override
{
return ObjectRef->HittingBox(T0, T1, Box);
}
public:
HitTestBase* ObjectRef;
};
typedef class ObjectList : public HitTestBase
{
public:
ObjectList()
{
}
ObjectList(HitTestBase* Object)
{
Objects.push_back(Object);
}
void Clear()
{
Objects.clear();
}
void PushObject(HitTestBase* Object)
{
Objects.push_back(Object);
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX MinT, FloatX MaxT, HitData& Data) const override
{
HitData CacheData;
bool AlreadyHit = false;
FloatX ClosestHit = MaxT;
for (auto& Object : Objects)
{
if (Object->HitTest(RayInstance, MinT, ClosestHit, CacheData))
{
AlreadyHit = true;
ClosestHit = CacheData.T;
Data = CacheData;
}
}
return AlreadyHit;
}
// 用于 BVH 优化的盒型模型
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const override
{
if (Objects.empty())
{
return false;
}
BVHBox CacheBox;
bool FirstHit = true;
for (auto& Object : Objects)
{
/*
* 当一个对象的碰撞想不在该范围的时候，其所有对象也必然不会处于 BVH 中
*/
if (!Object->HittingBox(T0, T1, Box))
{
return false;
}
CacheBox = FirstHit ? CacheBox : GetBox(Box, CacheBox);
FirstHit = true;
}
return true;
}
public:
std::vector<HitTestBase*> Objects;
} TraceWorld;
class Translate : public HitTestBase
{
public:
Translate(HitTestBase* Object, const Vector3& Displacement) : ObjectRef(Object), PlaceOffset(Displacement)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX TMin, FloatX TMax, HitData& Data) const override
{
Ray OffsetRay(RayInstance.LightOrigin - PlaceOffset, RayInstance.Direction);
if (!ObjectRef->HitTest(OffsetRay, TMin, TMax, Data))
{
return false;
}
Data.RayData += PlaceOffset;
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(OffsetRay, Data.NormalSurface);
return true;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const override
{
if (!ObjectRef->HittingBox(T0, T1, Box))
{
return false;
}
Box = BVHBox(Box.BoxMin + PlaceOffset, Box.BoxMax + PlaceOffset);
return true;
}
public:
HitTestBase* ObjectRef;
Vector3 PlaceOffset;
};
class RotateY : public HitTestBase
{
public:
RotateY(HitTestBase* Object, FloatX RotateAngle)
{
ObjectRef = Object;
auto Radians = DegreesToRadians(RotateAngle);
SinTheta = FloatX::Sin(Radians);
CosTheta = FloatX::Cos(Radians);
HasBox = Object->HittingBox(0.fx, 1.fx, Box);
Vector3 Min(Inf, Inf, Inf);
Vector3 Max(-Inf, -Inf, -Inf);
for (FloatX I = 0.fx; I < 2.fx; I += 1.fx)
{
for (FloatX J = 0.fx; J < 2.fx; J += 1.fx)
{
for (FloatX K = 0.fx; K < 2.fx; K += 1.fx)
{
auto X = I * Box.BoxMax.GetX() + (1.fx - I) * Box.BoxMin.GetX();
auto Y = J * Box.BoxMax.GetY() + (1.fx - J) * Box.BoxMin.GetY();
auto Z = K * Box.BoxMax.GetZ() + (1.fx - K) * Box.BoxMin.GetZ();
auto NewX = CosTheta * X + SinTheta * Z;
auto NewZ = -SinTheta * X + CosTheta * Z;
Vector3 Resever(NewX, Y, NewZ);
for (FloatX M = 0.fx; M < 3.fx; M += 1.fx)
{
Min[M] = FloatX::Min(Min[M], Resever[M]);
Max[M] = FloatX::Max(Max[M], Resever[M]);
}
}
}
}
Box = BVHBox(Min, Max);
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX TMin, FloatX TMax, HitData& Data) const
{
Vector3 LightOrigin = RayInstance.LightOrigin;
Vector3 LightDirection = RayInstance.Direction;
LightOrigin[0] = CosTheta * RayInstance.LightOrigin[0] - SinTheta * RayInstance.LightOrigin[2];
LightOrigin[2] = SinTheta * RayInstance.LightOrigin[0] + CosTheta * RayInstance.LightOrigin[2];
LightDirection[0] = CosTheta * RayInstance.Direction[0] - SinTheta * RayInstance.Direction[2];
LightDirection[2] = SinTheta * RayInstance.Direction[0] + CosTheta * RayInstance.Direction[2];
Ray RotatedRay(LightOrigin, LightDirection);
if (!ObjectRef->HitTest(RotatedRay, TMin, TMax, Data))
{
return false;
}
Vector3 RayData = Data.RayData;
Vector3 SurfaceNormal = Data.NormalSurface;
RayData[0] = CosTheta * Data.RayData[0] + SinTheta * Data.RayData[2];
RayData[2] = -SinTheta * Data.RayData[0] + CosTheta * Data.RayData[2];
SurfaceNormal[0] = CosTheta * Data.NormalSurface[0] + SinTheta * Data.NormalSurface[2];
SurfaceNormal[2] = -SinTheta * Data.NormalSurface[0] + CosTheta * Data.NormalSurface[2];
Data.RayData = RayData;
Data.SetSurfaceNormal(RotatedRay, SurfaceNormal);
return true;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& OutputBox) const
{
OutputBox = Box;
return HasBox;
}
public:
HitTestBase* ObjectRef;
FloatX SinTheta;
FloatX CosTheta;
bool HasBox;
BVHBox Box;
};
class Cube : public HitTestBase
{
public:
Cube() = default;
Cube(const Vector3& Point0, const Vector3& Point1, ObjectMaterial* Material)
{
BoxMin = Point0;
BoxMax = Point1;
Sides.PushObject(
new XYRect(Point0.GetX(), Point1.GetX(), Point0.GetY(), Point1.GetY(), Point1.GetZ(), Material));
Sides.PushObject(new FlipFace(
new XYRect(Point0.GetX(), Point1.GetX(), Point0.GetY(), Point1.GetY(), Point0.GetZ(), Material)));
Sides.PushObject(
new XZRect(Point0.GetX(), Point1.GetX(), Point0.GetZ(), Point1.GetZ(), Point1.GetY(), Material));
Sides.PushObject(new FlipFace(
new XZRect(Point0.GetX(), Point1.GetX(), Point0.GetZ(), Point1.GetZ(), Point0.GetY(), Material)));
Sides.PushObject(
new YZRect(Point0.GetY(), Point1.GetY(), Point0.GetZ(), Point1.GetZ(), Point1.GetX(), Material));
Sides.PushObject(new FlipFace(
new YZRect(Point0.GetY(), Point1.GetY(), Point0.GetZ(), Point1.GetZ(), Point0.GetX(), Material)));
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX T0, FloatX T1, HitData& Data) const override
{
return Sides.HitTest(RayInstance, T0, T1, Data);
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& Box) const
{
Box = BVHBox(BoxMin, BoxMax);
return true;
}
public:
Vector3 BoxMin;
Vector3 BoxMax;
TraceWorld Sides;
};
typedef class BVHRoot : public HitTestBase
{
public:
bool BoxCompare(const HitTestBase* Left, const HitTestBase* Righ, int Axis)
{
BVHBox BoxLeft;
BVHBox BoxRight;
return BoxLeft.BoxMin[Axis] < BoxRight.BoxMin[Axis];
}
bool BoxCompareX(const HitTestBase* Left, const HitTestBase* Right)
{
return BoxCompare(Left, Right, 0);
}
bool BoxCompareY(const HitTestBase* Left, const HitTestBase* Right)
{
return BoxCompare(Left, Right, 1);
}
bool BoxCompareZ(const HitTestBase* Left, const HitTestBase* Right)
{
return BoxCompare(Left, Right, 2);
}
public:
BVHRoot()
{
}
BVHRoot(std::vector<HitTestBase*> Objects, size_t Begin, size_t End, FloatX Time0, FloatX Time1)
{
int Axis = rand() % 2;
auto Comparator =
(Axis == 0) ? (std::bind(&BVHRoot::BoxCompareX, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2))
: (Axis == 1) ? (std::bind(&BVHRoot::BoxCompareY, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2))
: (std::bind(&BVHRoot::BoxCompareZ, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
auto Range = End - Begin;
if (Range == 1)
{
RightNode = Objects[Begin];
LeftNode = RightNode;
}
else if (Range == 2)
{
if (Comparator(Objects[Begin], Objects[Begin + 1]))
{
LeftNode = Objects[Begin];
RightNode = Objects[Begin + 1];
}
else
{
LeftNode = Objects[Begin + 1];
RightNode = Objects[Begin];
}
}
else
{
std::sort(Objects.begin() + Begin, Objects.begin() + End, Comparator);
auto Middle = Begin + Range / 2;
LeftNode = new BVHNode(Objects, Begin, Middle, Time0, Time1);
RightNode = new BVHNode(Objects, Middle, End, Time0, Time1);
}
BVHBox LeftBox;
BVHBox RightBox;
LeftNode->HittingBox(Time0, Time1, LeftBox);
RightNode->HittingBox(Time0, Time1, RightBox);
Box = GetBox(LeftBox, RightBox);
}
BVHRoot(TraceWorld& World, FloatX Time0, FloatX Time1)
: BVHRoot(World.Objects, 0, World.Objects.size(), Time0, Time1)
{
}
bool HitTest(const Ray& RayInstance, FloatX TMin, FloatX TMax, HitData& Data) const override
{
if (!Box.Hit(RayInstance, TMin, TMax))
{
return false;
}
bool HitLeft = LeftNode->HitTest(RayInstance, TMin, TMax, Data);
bool HitRight = RightNode->HitTest(RayInstance, TMin, HitLeft ? Data.T : TMax, Data);
return HitLeft || HitRight;
}
bool HittingBox(FloatX T0, FloatX T1, BVHBox& HitBox) const override
{
HitBox = Box;
return true;
}
public:
HitTestBase* LeftNode;
HitTestBase* RightNode;
BVHBox Box;
} BVHNode;
class Camera
{
public:
Camera(Vector3 LookFrom, Vector3 LookAt, Vector3 VUP, FloatX VFov, FloatX Aspect)
{
OriginPoint = LookFrom;
Vector3 U, V, W;
auto Theta = DegreesToRadians(VFov);
auto HalfHeight = FloatX::Tan(Theta / 2.fx);
auto HalfWidth = Aspect * HalfHeight;
W = UnitVector(LookFrom - LookAt);
U = UnitVector(Vector3Cross(VUP, W));
V = Vector3Cross(W, U);
LowerLeftCorner = OriginPoint - HalfWidth * U - HalfHeight * V - W;
Horizontal = 2.fx * HalfWidth * U;
Vertical = 2.fx * HalfHeight * V;
}
Ray GetRay(FloatX U, FloatX V)
{
return Ray(OriginPoint, LowerLeftCorner + U * Horizontal + V * Vertical - OriginPoint);
}
public:
Vector3 OriginPoint;
Vector3 LowerLeftCorner;
Vector3 Horizontal;
Vector3 Vertical;
};
DWORD GetRawColor(const Vector3& Vector, FloatX SamplePerPixel)
{
auto Scale = 1.fx / SamplePerPixel;
auto R = FloatX::Sqrt(Scale * Vector[0]);
auto G = FloatX::Sqrt(Scale * Vector[1]);
auto B = FloatX::Sqrt(Scale * Vector[2]);
return RGB(Range(B, 0.fx, 0.999fx) * 256.fx, Range(G, 0.fx, 0.999fx) * 256.fx, Range(R, 0.fx, 0.999fx) * 256.fx);
}
/*
* 实际上的渲染是由下到上地渲染，需要镜面反转渲染的点
*/
template <class Type> Type OppositeCoordinate(const Type& X, const Type& Y, const Type& Width, const Type& Height)
{
return (Height - Y - 1) * Width + X;
}
/*
* 渲染函数
*/
Vector3 RayColor(const Ray& RayObject, HitTestBase* World, int Depth)
{
HitData Data;
if (Depth <= 0)
{
return Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx);
}
if (!World->HitTest(RayObject, 0.001fx, Inf, Data))
{
return Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx);
}
Ray ScatteredRay;
Vector3 Attenuation;
Vector3 Emitted = Data.Material->Emitted(Data.U, Data.V, Data.RayData);
if (!Data.Material->LightScatter(RayObject, Data, Attenuation, ScatteredRay))
{
return Emitted;
}
return Emitted + Attenuation * RayColor(ScatteredRay, World, Depth - 1);
}
TraceWorld World;
BVHRoot* BVHWorld;
Camera* WorldCamera;
HitTestBase* RenderWorld;
bool RenderStatus[48];
void Render(int StartX, int StartY, int EndX, int EndY, int Width, int Height, int MaxRenderDepth, int SamplePerPixel,
const int& ThreadCount)
{
auto Buffer = GetImageBuffer();
for (int Y = EndY; Y >= StartY; --Y)
{
for (int X = StartX; X < EndX; ++X)
{
Vector3 Color;
for (int SampleCount = 0; SampleCount < SamplePerPixel; ++SampleCount)
{
auto U = (float)(X + Random()) / Width;
auto V = (float)(Y + Random()) / Height;
auto RayInstance = WorldCamera->GetRay(U, V);
Color += RayColor(RayInstance, RenderWorld, MaxRenderDepth);
}
Buffer[OppositeCoordinate(X, Y, Width, Height)] =
GetRawColor(Color, FloatX(static_cast<float>(SamplePerPixel)));
}
}
RenderStatus[ThreadCount] = true;
}
void StartThreadRender(const int& Width, const int& Height, const int& MaxRenderDepth, const int& SamplePerPixel)
{
for (int Count = 0; Count < 48; ++Count)
{
RenderStatus[Count] = false;
}
auto Count = 0;
for (int Y = Height - 1; Y >= 0; Y -= 80)
{
for (int X = 0; X < Width; X += 80)
{
if (Y - 80 >= 0)
{
std::thread RendThread(Render, X, Y - 80, X + 80, Y, Width, Height, MaxRenderDepth, SamplePerPixel,
Count);
RendThread.detach();
}
else
{
std::thread RendThread(Render, X, Y - 79, X + 80, Y, Width, Height, MaxRenderDepth, SamplePerPixel,
Count);
RendThread.detach();
}
++Count;
}
}
while (true)
{
bool Flag = false;
for (int Count = 0; Count < 48; ++Count)
{
if (!RenderStatus[Count])
{
Flag = true;
}
}
if (!Flag)
{
return;
}
Sleep(4);
}
}
void Room1()
{
auto Light = new DiffuseLight(Vector3(1.fx, 1.fx, 1.fx));
SphereObject* GroudSphere = new SphereObject(Vector3(0.fx, -1000.fx, 0.fx), 1000.fx, Light);
World.PushObject(GroudSphere);
int i = 1;
for (int CountX = -11; CountX < 11; CountX++)
{
for (int CountY = -11; CountY < 11; CountY++)
{
auto ChooseMat = Random();
Vector3 Center(static_cast<float>(CountX + 0.9 * Random()), 0.2fx,
static_cast<float>(CountY + 0.9 * Random()));
if ((Center - Vector3(4.fx, 0.2fx, 0.fx)).Length() > 0.9)
{
if (ChooseMat < 0.8)
{
auto Albedo = Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere() * Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere();
LambertianMaterial* Material = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Albedo));
SphereObject* Sphere = new SphereObject(Center, 0.2fx, Material);
World.PushObject(Sphere);
}
else if (ChooseMat < 0.95)
{
auto Albedo = Ray::RandomRay(.5fx, 1.fx);
auto Fuzz = Random(0.fx, .5fx);
LambertianMaterial* Material = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Albedo));
SphereObject* Sphere = new SphereObject(Center, 0.2fx, Material);
World.PushObject(Sphere);
}
else
{
DielectricMaterial* Material = new DielectricMaterial(1.5fx);
SphereObject* Sphere = new SphereObject(Center, 0.2fx, Material);
World.PushObject(Sphere);
}
}
}
}
DielectricMaterial* GlassMaterial = new DielectricMaterial(1.5fx);
LambertianMaterial* Lambertian = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Vector3(0.4fx, 0.2fx, 0.1fx)));
MetalMaterial* Metal = new MetalMaterial(Vector3(0.7fx, 0.6fx, 0.5fx), 0.fx);
SphereObject* Sphere1 = new SphereObject(Vector3(0.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx), 1.fx, GlassMaterial);
SphereObject* Sphere2 = new SphereObject(Vector3(-4.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx), 1.fx, Lambertian);
SphereObject* Sphere3 = new SphereObject(Vector3(4.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx), 1.fx, Metal);
World.PushObject(Sphere1);
World.PushObject(Sphere2);
World.PushObject(Sphere3);
}
void Room2()
{
auto Light = new DiffuseLight(Vector3(1.fx, 1.fx, 1.fx));
LambertianMaterial* Lambertian = new LambertianMaterial(new CheckerTexture(
new ConstantTexture(Vector3(1.fx, 1.fx, 1.fx)), new ConstantTexture(Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx))));
SphereObject* GroudSphere = new SphereObject(Vector3(0.fx, -1000.fx, 0.fx), 1000.fx, Lambertian);
World.PushObject(GroudSphere);
int i = 1;
for (int CountX = -11; CountX < 11; CountX++)
{
for (int CountY = -11; CountY < 11; CountY++)
{
auto ChooseMat = Random();
Vector3 Center(static_cast<float>(CountX + 0.9 * Random()), 0.2fx,
static_cast<float>(CountY + 0.9 * Random()));
if ((Center - Vector3(4.fx, 0.2fx, 0.fx)).Length() > 0.9)
{
if (ChooseMat < 0.8)
{
auto Albedo = Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere() * Vector3::RandomInUnitSphere();
LambertianMaterial* Material = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Albedo));
SphereObject* Sphere = new SphereObject(Center, 0.2fx, Material);
World.PushObject(Sphere);
}
else if (ChooseMat < 0.95)
{
auto Albedo = Ray::RandomRay(.5fx, 1.fx);
auto Fuzz = Random(0.fx, .5fx);
LambertianMaterial* Material = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Albedo));
SphereObject* Sphere = new SphereObject(Center, 0.2fx, Material);
World.PushObject(Sphere);
}
else
{
SphereObject* Sphere = new SphereObject(Center, 0.2fx, Light);
World.PushObject(Sphere);
}
}
}
}
DielectricMaterial* GlassMaterial = new DielectricMaterial(1.5fx);
MetalMaterial* Metal = new MetalMaterial(Vector3(0.7fx, 0.6fx, 0.5fx), 0.fx);
SphereObject* Sphere1 = new SphereObject(Vector3(0.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx), 1.fx, GlassMaterial);
SphereObject* Sphere2 = new SphereObject(Vector3(-4.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx), 1.fx, Lambertian);
SphereObject* Sphere3 = new SphereObject(Vector3(4.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx), 1.fx, Metal);
World.PushObject(Sphere1);
World.PushObject(Sphere2);
World.PushObject(Sphere3);
}
void Room3()
{
World.Clear();
auto Red = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Vector3(0.65, 0.05, 0.05)));
auto White = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Vector3(0.73, 0.73, 0.73)));
auto Green = new LambertianMaterial(new ConstantTexture(Vector3(0.12, 0.45, 0.15)));
auto Light = new DiffuseLight(Vector3(15, 15, 15));
World.PushObject(new YZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 0.fx, Red));
World.PushObject(new YZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 550.fx, Green));
World.PushObject(new XZRect(213, 343, 227, 332, 554, Light));
World.PushObject(new XZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 0, White));
World.PushObject(new XYRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 555, White));
World.PushObject(new XZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 555, White));
World.PushObject(
new Translate(new RotateY(new Cube(Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx), Vector3(165.fx, 330.fx, 165.fx), White), 15.fx),
Vector3(265.fx, 0.fx, 295.fx)));
World.PushObject(
new Translate(new RotateY(new Cube(Vector3(0.fx, 0.fx, 0.fx), Vector3(165.fx, 165.fx, 165.fx), White), -18.fx),
Vector3(130.fx, 0.fx, 65.fx)));
}
int main()
{
const int Width = 640;
const int Height = 480;
int SamplePerPixel = 200;
const int MaxRenderDepth = 50;
bool UseMulThreadRender = true;
bool UseBVH = true;
const FloatX AspectRatio = FloatX(Width) / FloatX(Height);
initgraph(Width, Height, EW_SHOWCONSOLE);
Vector3 VUP(0.fx, 1.fx, 0.fx);
WorldCamera = new Camera(Vector3(278.fx, 278.fx, -800.fx), Vector3(278.fx, 278.fx, 0.fx), VUP, 40.fx, AspectRatio);
auto Buffer = GetImageBuffer();
int RoomNumber = 0;
while (true)
{
wchar_t Buffer[2];
InputBox(Buffer, 2, L"将要渲染的场景（1~2）");
if (Buffer[0] == L'1')
{
RoomNumber = 1;
Room1();
break;
}
if (Buffer[0] == L'2')
{
RoomNumber = 2;
Room2();
break;
}
if (Buffer[0] == L'3')
{
RoomNumber = 3;
Room3();
break;
}
}
wchar_t SamplePerPixelString[6];
InputBox(SamplePerPixelString, 1024, L"采样率（1～10000），默认 200。采样率越高，效果越好，速度越慢。");
SamplePerPixel = _wtoi(SamplePerPixelString);
if (MessageBox(GetHWnd(), L"启用多线程渲染", L"渲染设置", MB_OKCANCEL) != IDCANCEL)
{
UseMulThreadRender = true;
}
else
{
UseMulThreadRender = false;
}
if (MessageBox(GetHWnd(), L"启用 BVH", L"渲染设置", MB_OKCANCEL) != IDCANCEL)
{
UseBVH = true;
}
else
{
UseBVH = false;
}
BVHWorld = new BVHRoot(World, 0.fx, 1.fx);
if (UseBVH)
{
RenderWorld = BVHWorld;
}
else
{
RenderWorld = &World;
}
time_t Start = clock();
if (UseMulThreadRender)
{
StartThreadRender(Width, Height, MaxRenderDepth, SamplePerPixel);
}
else
{
auto Buffer = GetImageBuffer();
for (int Y = Height - 1; Y >= 0; --Y)
{
for (int X = 0; X < Width; ++X)
{
Vector3 Color;
/*
* 多重采样 MSAA 抗锯齿
*/
for (int SampleCount = 0; SampleCount < SamplePerPixel; ++SampleCount)
{
auto U = (float)(X + Random()) / Width;
auto V = (float)(Y + Random()) / Height;
auto RayInstance = WorldCamera->GetRay(U, V);
Color += RayColor(RayInstance, RenderWorld, MaxRenderDepth);
}
Buffer[OppositeCoordinate(X, Y, Width, Height)] = GetRawColor(Color, SamplePerPixel);
}
}
}
std::wstringstream StringStream;
StringStream << std::setprecision(7) << float(clock() - Start) / 1000.f;
outtextxy(0, 0, (L"渲染用时：" + StringStream.str() + L" 秒").c_str());
outtextxy(0, 20, (L"采样率：" + std::to_wstring(SamplePerPixel) + L" pps").c_str());
if (UseMulThreadRender)
{
outtextxy(0, 40, L"多线程渲染：开");
}
else
{
outtextxy(0, 40, L"多线程渲染：关");
}
if (UseBVH)
{
outtextxy(0, 60, L"BVH 优化：开");
}
else
{
outtextxy(0, 60, L"BVH 优化：关");
}
outtextxy(0, 80, (L"Room " + std::to_wstring(RoomNumber)).c_str());
_getch();
return 0;
}