使用 devc++ 移植 低精度 命令行窗口光线追踪代码 解决注释乱码以及控制台换行问题
2024-2-8 ~ 2024-2-9
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使用 devc++ 移植代码 C + + 做 的 光 线 追 踪 但 是 控 制 台 时注释乱码。
解决方案：
鼠标右键.cpp 文件，用记事本打开然后另存为，另存选项有个编码，选择 ANSI 编码然后点击确定即可。
Devc++使用的是 ANSI 编码 不是 VS 用的 UTF-8 编码 也不是 UTF-8BOM 编码。
代码运行之后，由于放缩问题，一行字符串变成一行半，导致命令行窗口光线追踪效果不明显。需要调整系统的屏幕放缩：右键桌面-点击显示设置-规
模与布局一栏-缩放-点击 100%或者更小。然后运行程序即可。
代码来源：littlewhitecloud/ray_tracking (github.com)
以下是源代码。限于篇幅，开源协议还请移步至 GitHub 下载。
程序使用方式：awsd 移动 上下左右键，改变视角 < > 键改变放缩。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
namespace Rain_Kotsuzui
{
const double pi = acos(-1);
const double eps = 0.01;
long ground_light = 1;
// Todo: 类名大驼峰，实例名小驼峰
struct vec
{
double eps_ = 0.01;
double x, y, z;
vec(double a = 0, double b = 0, double c = 0)
{
x = a, y = b, z = c;
};
double Length()
{
return sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
}
vec Unit() const
{
double l = sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
return vec(x, y, z) / l;
}
double operator*(const vec& A) const
{
return x * A.x + y * A.y + z * A.z;
}
vec operator*(const double k) const
{
vec res;
res.x = this->x * k;
res.y = this->y * k;
res.z = this->z * k;
return res;
}
vec operator/(const double k) const
{
vec res;
res.x = this->x / k;
res.y = this->y / k;
res.z = this->z / k;
return res;
}
vec operator+(const vec& A) const
{
vec res;
res.x = this->x + A.x;
res.y = this->y + A.y;
res.z = this->z + A.z;
return res;
}
vec operator-(const vec& A) const
{
vec res;
res.x = this->x - A.x;
res.y = this->y - A.y;
res.z = this->z - A.z;
return res;
}
static vec crs(const vec &A, const vec &B)
{
vec res;
res.x = A.y * B.z - A.z * B.y;
res.y = -A.x * B.z + A.z * B.x;
res.z = A.x * B.y - A.y * B.x;
return res;
}
};
struct Camera
{
double ang = pi / 3; // 半视角
double f = 10; // 焦距
double m = f * tan(ang);
double sight = 200; // 视距
double step = 0.1;
double ang_step = pi / 45;
vec pos = vec(0, 0, 0);
double theta = 0, phi = pi / 2;
// phi=[0, pi], theta=[0, 2pi]
vec direct = vec(1, 0, 0);
vec e_x;
vec e_y;
void set()
{
if (theta >= 2 * pi)
theta -= 2 * pi;
if (theta < 0)
theta += 2 * pi;
m = f * tan(ang);
ang_step = (pi / 45) * (ang / (pi / 3));
direct = vec(cos(theta) * sin(phi), sin(theta) * sin(phi), cos(phi));
e_x = vec(direct.y, -direct.x, 0);
e_y = vec(-direct.x * direct.z, -direct.y * direct.z, 1 - direct.z * direct.z);
e_x = e_x.Unit();
e_y = e_y.Unit();
}
};
struct Screen
{
char pix[210][210] = {};
const char color[9] = { '@', '%', '#', '*', '+', '=', '-', '.', ' ' };
// 100, 90, 80, 70, 50, 30, 10, 5, 0
void print(Camera cam)
{
HANDLE hOutput;
COORD coord = { 0, 0 };
hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &cci);
cci.bVisible = false;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &cci);
string A = "\n";
for (int j = 70; j >= 10; j--)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 117; i++)
{
// 理论上这里也可以多线程替换，但实际上性能瓶颈不在这里
A += pix[i][j];
A += ' ';
}
A += '\n';
}
printf("\n%s", A.c_str());
printf("now pos:%.2f %.2f %.2f ang:%.2f\n", cam.pos.x, cam.pos.y, cam.pos.z, cam.ang * 180 / pi);
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOutput, coord);
}
void Color(double light, int i, int j)
{
if (light >= 330)
pix[i][j] = color[0];
else if (light >= 280)
pix[i][j] = color[1];
else if (light >= 230)
pix[i][j] = color[2];
else if (light >= 180)
pix[i][j] = color[3];
else if (light >= 130)
pix[i][j] = color[4];
else if (light >= 70)
pix[i][j] = color[5];
else if (light >= 30)
pix[i][j] = color[6];
else if (light >= 10)
pix[i][j] = color[7];
else
pix[i][j] = color[8];
return;
}
};
struct Ball
{
Ball() {};
Ball(vec pos, double r, double light)
: pos(pos), r(r), light(light) {};
vec pos = vec(0, 0, 0);
double r = 0;
double light = 100;
};
// ax^2+bx+c=0
inline double delta(double a, double b, double c)
{
return b * b - 4 * a * c;
}
void GetPixel(const Camera& cam, Screen& S, const std::vector<Ball> ball, int ball_num, int x, int y)
{
vec n = cam.direct * cam.f + cam.e_x * (x * 0.01 * cam.m) + cam.e_y * (y * 0.01 * cam.m);
vec p = cam.pos;
n = n.Unit();
//
double light = 0;
int now_k = -1;
double tot_lamda = 0;
//
again_:
double lamda = -1;
// ball
for (int k = 0; k < ball_num; k++)
{
vec o = ball[k].pos;
double r = ball[k].r;
double del = delta(1, (n * (p - o)) * 2, (p - o) * (p - o) - r * r);
if (k == now_k || del < 0)
continue;
if ((n * (o - p) - sqrt(del) / 2 > 0) && (lamda < 0 || lamda > n * (o - p) - sqrt(del) / 2))
{
now_k = k, lamda = n * (o - p) - sqrt(del) / 2;
}
}
// ground
if (n.z < 0)
{
double t = abs(p.z / n.z);
vec o = p + n * t;
if (lamda < 0 || lamda > t)
{
tot_lamda += t;
if ((((int)o.x / 1) % 2) ^ (((int)o.y / 1) % 2))
light += ground_light / cbrt(tot_lamda * tot_lamda);
S.Color(light, x + 60, y + 50);
return;
}
}
// color
if (lamda < 0 || tot_lamda > cam.sight)
S.Color(light, x + 60, y + 50);
else
{
tot_lamda += lamda;
light += ball[now_k].light / (sqrt(tot_lamda));
double temp = (p + (n * lamda) - ball[now_k].pos) * (p - ball[now_k].pos) / (ball[now_k].r * ball[now_k].r);
vec tem = n;
n = (p + (n * lamda) - ball[now_k].pos) * (2 * temp - 1) - (p - ball[now_k].pos);
n = n.Unit();
p = p + tem * lamda;
// First todo: remove goto(goto will cause lots of effert.)
goto again_;
}
return;
}
void GetPicture(const Camera &camera, Screen& screen, const std::vector<Ball> &ball, int ball_num)
{
// [i, j]
// 优化瓶颈，可以用多线程或 GPU 解决
for (int i = -60; i <= 60; i++)
for (int j = -50; j <= 50; j++)
GetPixel(camera, screen, ball, ball_num, i, j);
}
void Move(Camera& camera)
{
char key;
camera.set();
if (_kbhit())
{
fflush(stdin);
key = _getch();
vec direct;
switch (key)
{
case 'w':
direct = camera.direct;
direct.z = 0;
direct = direct.Unit();
camera.pos = camera.pos + direct * camera.step;
break;
case 's':
direct = camera.direct;
direct.z = 0;
direct = direct.Unit();
camera.pos = camera.pos - direct * camera.step;
break;
case 'a':
direct = camera.e_x;
direct.z = 0;
direct = direct.Unit();
camera.pos = camera.pos - direct * camera.step;
break;
case 'd':
direct = camera.e_x;
direct.z = 0;
direct = direct.Unit();
camera.pos = camera.pos + direct * camera.step;
break;
case 'q':
camera.pos = camera.pos + vec(0, 0, 1) * camera.step;
break;
case 'e':
camera.pos = camera.pos - vec(0, 0, 1) * camera.step;
break;
// up
case 72:
if (camera.phi > camera.ang_step)
camera.phi -= camera.ang_step;
break;
// down
case 80:
if (camera.phi <= pi - camera.ang_step)
camera.phi += camera.ang_step;
break;
// right
case 77:
camera.theta -= camera.ang_step;
break;
// left
case 75:
camera.theta += camera.ang_step;
break;
// 视角
case ',':
if (camera.ang < pi / 2 - eps)
camera.ang += camera.ang_step * 0.4;
break;
case '.':
if (camera.ang > 0)
camera.ang -= camera.ang_step * 0.4;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
void BallMove(std::vector<Ball> &balls, double T)
{
balls[1].pos = vec(8 * cos(T * 0.1), 8 * sin(T * 0.1), 0.5);
balls[1].light = 300 + 100 * sin(T * 2);
balls[2].pos = vec(8 * cos(T* 1), 7 * sin(T * 2), 3);
balls[6].pos = vec(8, 7, 3);
balls[6].light = 400 + 200 * sin(T * 2);
balls[4].pos = vec(8 * cos(T * 2), 7 * sin(T * 2), 10);
balls[5].pos = vec(100 * cos(T * 0.01), 70 * sin(T * 0.05), 50 + 50 * cos(T * 0.05) * sin(T * 0.05));
balls[0].pos = vec(0, -8 + 0.1 * cos(T * pi), 4 + 3 * sin(T * 0.1));
}
void main()
{
Screen S;
Camera cam;
cam.pos = vec(0, 0, 1);
std::vector<Ball> balls =
{
// pos, radius, light
Ball(vec(0, -8, 4), 5, 300),
Ball(vec(8, 0, 0), 1, 2000),
Ball(vec(8, 0, 0), 1.5, 300),
Ball(vec(0, 2, 4), 5, 100),
Ball(vec(0, 0, 10), 2, 1000),
Ball(vec(-100, 0, 50), 50, 100),
Ball(vec(8, 0, 0), 1.5, 300)
};
const int ball_num = static_cast<int>(balls.size());
double T = 0;
while (1)
{
Move(cam);
BallMove(balls, T);
GetPicture(cam, S, balls, ball_num);
S.print(cam);
// cout << "\033c";
T += 0.01;
ground_light = 1000 + static_cast<long>(500 * sin(T * 2));
// Todo: 主线程（渲染线程）整体 1 秒，而不是主操作完后等一秒。这样渲染效果更佳
Sleep(1);
}
return;
}
}
int main()
{
Rain_Kotsuzui::main();
return 0;
}
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